$request = $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];
$script_path = $_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"];
$base_url_len = strlen($script_path) - strlen("index.php");
$arg = explode("/", substr($request, $base_url_len));
$base_url = "http://". $_SERVER["HTTP_HOST"] . substr($script_path, 0, $base_url_len);
define("BASE_URL", $base_url);
array array_slice ( array $array , int $offset [,int $length [, bool $preserve_keys = false ]] )
Extract a slice of the array
Example :$input= array("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
$output = array_slice($input, 2); // returns "c", "d", and "e"
$output = array_slice($input, -2, 1); // returns "d"
$output = array_slice($input, 0, 3); // returns "a", "b", and "c"
// note the differences in the array keys
print_r(array_slice($input, 2, -1));
print_r(array_slice($input, 2, -1, true));
array array_splice ( array &$input , int $offset [, int $length = 0 [, mixed $replacement ]] )
Remove a portion of the array and replace it with something else
Example := array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
array_splice($input, 2);
// $input is now array("red", "green")
$input = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
array_splice($input, 1, -1);
// $input is now array("red", "yellow")
$input = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
array_splice($input, 1, count($input), "orange");
// $input is now array("red", "orange")
$input = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
array_splice($input, -1, 1, array("black", "maroon"));
// $input is now array("red", "green",
// "blue", "black", "maroon")
$input = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
array_splice($input, 3, 0, "purple");
// $input is now array("red", "green",
// "blue", "purple", "yellow");
$set = implode(',',$where);
$this->db->where('1 <=', "FIND_IN_SET(`".$field."`,".$this->db->escape($set).")",false);
session.cookie_domain = .mydomain.com
If unable to modify the the php.ini file, add the following before the session.start() function on any page which creates the session cookie.
ini_set("session.cookie_domain", ".mydomain.com")
CREATE TABLE document (Note that MySQL uses a non-standard name "utf8" to mean UTF-8. The COLLATE command is used to tell how to sort the data when using the SORT BY command. Also note that you should always use VARCHAR instead of CHAR with UTF-8. (UTF-8 uses variable sized numbers for different characters. For instance, Latin letters use 1 byte codes, while Japanesee characters are 3 bytes. Using CHAR(10) would force the database to reserve 30 bytes, because it doesn't know ahead of time which length with be used, so it reserves the maximum.)
id INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
unicodeText VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL
)
CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
SET NAMES 'utf8';Using PHP and XHTML to encode
1 <?phpBecause we are using MySQL 4.1 with PHP 5 it makes sense to use the MySQLi extension. I like using the OO version of the extension. Line 2 is the connection to the database. Line 3 tells the database to expect UTF-8 data. Lines 4-6 update a row in the database with the Unicode data we send through the form. (Make sure to have some sample data in row 1 of the database when you test this code) Lines 7-8 pull the data back out of the database. Lines 11-12 are important. XHTML defaults to using UTF-8 encoding, unless you specifically tell it otherwise. Using the correct Doctype declaration will alert your browser to use UTF-8 encoding. You will see a lot of things if you search on Google about how you need to put tags about UTF-8 in all sorts of places, like the form, or the form controls, or in META tags. If you are serving valid XHTML this is not necessary. The rest of the code is the form. Lines 18 and 21 will let you compare the raw POST data with what the database returns.
2 $DB = new mysqli('localhost', 'user', 'root', 'dbname');
3 $DB->query("SET NAMES 'utf8'");
4 if (!empty($_POST['ta'])) {
5 $DB->query("UPDATE document SET unicodeText='{$_POST['ta']}' WHERE ID=1");
6 }
7 $result = $DB->query("SELECT unicodeText FROM document WHERE ID=1");
8 $return = $result->fetch_object();
9 $result->close();
10 ?>
11 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
12 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
13 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
14 <head>
15 <title>Test</title>
16 </head>
17 <body>
18 <p>Posted: <?php echo $_POST['ta'];?></p>
19 <form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="test2.php">
20 <fieldset>
21 <textarea name="ta"><?php echo $return->unicodeText;?></textarea>
22 <input type="submit" />
23 </fieldset>
24 </form>
25 </body>
26 </html>
| PHP: Dynamic Image Generation |  |  |
| Creating images on the fly can be a very useful skill. PHP has some built-in image generation functions, further more, to generate new images or edit existing images on the fly using PHP, we need to have the GD library installed. In this tutorial we will show you how to get quite interesting and useful effects using image handling functions. We will review two practical tasks: creating security images (captcha) on the fly and building a bar chart using numerical values retrieved from MySQL database.
Creating security images on the fly At first, have a look at the following script that creates captcha image. Next, we will consider each step of image generation in details. //Send a generated image to the browser create_image(); exit(); function create_image() { //Let's generate a totally random string using md5 $md5 = md5(rand(0,999)); //We don't need a 32 character long string so we trim it down to 5 $pass = substr($md5, 10, 5); //Set the image width and height $width = 100; $height = 20; //Create the image resource $image = ImageCreate($width, $height); //We are making three colors, white, black and gray $white = ImageColorAllocate($image, 255, 255, 255); $black = ImageColorAllocate($image, 0, 0, 0); $grey = ImageColorAllocate($image, 204, 204, 204); //Make the background black ImageFill($image, 0, 0, $black); //Add randomly generated string in white to the image ImageString($image, 3, 30, 3, $pass, $white); //Throw in some lines to make it a little bit harder for any bots to break ImageRectangle($image,0,0,$width-1,$height-1,$grey); imageline($image, 0, $height/2, $width, $height/2, $grey); imageline($image, $width/2, 0, $width/2, $height, $grey); //Tell the browser what kind of file is come in header("Content-Type: image/jpeg"); //Output the newly created image in jpeg format ImageJpeg($image); //Free up resources ImageDestroy($image); } ?> To create a new image or edit an existing one, we need to create image identifier. In the preceding example we created an empty canvas by calling ImageCreate() function, passing it width and height of a new image as a parameters. Another way to do it is to read the existing image from the file. Depending on the file format you can do it using one of the following functions: ImageCreateFromPNG(), ImageCreateFromGIF(), ImageCreateFromJPEG(). Parameter of each function is a file name. Then, we need to choose colors to be used while painting. For this we can use ImageColorAllocate() function and image identifiers for red, green, and blue (RGB) components of necessary color will be passed as parameters. On the next step, we will generate our image. First, using ImageFill() function we will create black background. Parameters of this function are: image identifier, initial coordinates of the area to be filled and fill color. Then, we will use ImageString() function to add text to the image. Its parameters are – image identifier, font, coordinates for the first text position and text color. Finally, we will draw two lines and a rectangular to protect our image a little bit. Please note, that the final point of the rectangular has the following coordinates: $width-1 and $height-1. If they were equal to $width and $height, than the rectangular would have exceeded canvas frame. When we had created the image, we can output it either to a browser, or to a file. Our example shows how to output it to the browser. We need to inform the browser, that we will output the image, not the text or html-code. To do it, call Header() function, setting image MIME-type. It’s worth mentioning that Header() function can not be executed if HTTP header has already been sent. After sending the header we can output our image using ImageJpeg() function, passing it image identifier as a parameter. When we have finished working with the image we need to free up resources using ImageDestroy() function. In the example below, using graphic functions we will build a bar chart based on the values stored in MySQL database. In our case, values represent poll results. In this example we will use poll database. To create it run the following SQL script in your MySQL server: CREATE DATABASE `poll`; USE poll; CREATE TABLE `results` ( book_type VARCHAR(50), num_votes INT ); INSERT INTO `results` values ('Classic', 15), ('Fantasy', 7), ('Humor', 32), ('Mystery', 12), ('Poetry', 25); Script building a bar chart is quite long, so let's divide it into two parts and discuss them separately. The first part of the script connects to MySQL database and requests data that will be represented in the bar chart. //Querying the database to get poll results //connection to the database $dbhandle = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "") or die("Unable to connect to MySQL"); //select a database to work with $selected = mysql_select_db("poll",$dbhandle) or die("Could not select examples"); //execute the SQL query and return records $result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM results"); $num_poller = mysql_num_rows($result); $total_votes = 0; //fetch the data from the database while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $total_votes += $row{'num_votes'}; //calculating total number of votes } //nulling the pointer $result mysql_data_seek($result,0); //close the connection mysql_close($dbhandle); In the second part of the script first of all we will calculate variables needed to build the chart. Then, we prepare primary image and actually output data. Results for each genre are picked from the database one by one, percentage of votes is calculated, and then bars and explanatory notes are outputted. In this script we are using TrueType fonts to get anti-aliased text. Functions that work with the TrueType fonts have its own peculiarities. First, you need to point where the fonts are located. For this, system variable GDFONTPATH is set. Then, we need to set the font name. TrueType fonts are rendered using ImageTTFText(). We have already discussed above all functions used for drawing, the code has been commented and is quite clear, so you shouldn’t have any trouble. //Tell gd2, where your fonts reside putenv('GDFONTPATH=C:\WINDOWS\Fonts'); $font = 'arial'; //Set starting point for drawing $y = 50; //Specify constant values $width = 700; //Image width in pixels $bar_height = 20; //Bars height $height = $num_poller * $bar_height * 1.5 + 70; //Calculating image height $bar_unit = ($width - 400) / 100; //Distance on the bar chart standing for 1 unit //Create the image resource $image = ImageCreate($width, $height); //We are making four colors, white, black, blue and red $white = ImageColorAllocate($image, 255, 255, 255); $black = ImageColorAllocate($image, 0, 0, 0); $red = ImageColorAllocate($image, 255, 0, 0); $blue = imagecolorallocate($image,0,0,255); //Create image background ImageFill($image,$width,$height,$white); //Draw background shape ImageRectangle($image, 0, 0, $width-1, $height-1, $black); //Output header ImageTTFText($image, 16, 0, $width/3 + 50, $y - 20, $black, $font, 'Poll Results'); while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) { if ($total_votes > 0) $percent = intval(round(($row->num_votes/$total_votes)*100)); else $percent = 0; //Output header for a particular value ImageTTFText($image,12,0,10, $y+($bar_height/2), $black, $font, $row->book_type); //Output percentage for a particular value ImageTTFText($image, 12, 0, 170, $y + ($bar_height/2),$red,$font,$percent.'%'); $bar_length = $percent * $bar_unit; //Draw a shape that corresponds to 100% ImageRectangle($image, $bar_length+221, $y-2, (220+(100*$bar_unit)), $y+$bar_height, $black); //Output a bar for a particular value ImageFilledRectangle($image,220,$y-2,220+$bar_length, $y+$bar_height, $blue); //Output the number of votes ImageTTFText($image, 12, 0, 250+100*$bar_unit, $y+($bar_height/2), $black, $font, $row->num_votes.' votes cast.'); //Going down to the next bar $y = $y + ($bar_height * 1.5); } //Tell the browser what kind of file is come in header("Content-Type: image/jpeg"); //Output the newly created image in jpeg format ImageJpeg($image); //Free up resources ImageDestroy($image); ?> Using dynamically generated images on the other pages Since the header can be sent only once and it is the only way to tell the browser that you are going to send image, it is not so easy to insert automatically generated images to the regular pages. There are three ways to do it:
Related Articles |
Tags: DYNAMIC IMAGE GENERATION GD CAPTCHA GRAPH STORE CACHE
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if (isset($_GET['image'])) {
move_save_image($_GET['image'], $_GET['x'], $_GET['y'], $_GET['percent']);
}
else {
echo "Could not load image";
}
function move_save_image($image, $x=0, $y=0, $percent=100) {
$image_withpath = "../dynproducts/dynimages/" .$image;
if (file_exists($image_withpath)) {
header('content-type: image/jpeg');
$modified = imagecreatefromjpeg($image_withpath);
$modified_size = getimagesize($image_withpath);
$width = $percent / 100 * $modified_size[0];
$height = $percent / 100 * $modified_size[1];
$visible_image = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
$dest_x = $x;
$dest_y = $y;
$dest_a = $x * -1;
$dest_b = $y * -1;
imagecopyresampled($visible_image, $modified, 0, 0, $dest_a, $dest_b, $modified_size[0],$modified_size[1], $width, $height);
imagejpeg($visible_image, '', 80);
imagedestroy($visible_image);
imagedestroy($modified);
}
else {
echo "File does not exist.";
}
}
